La science et l'hypothèse
《La science et l'hypothèse》 · 第 245 页 · Section 7.1，Definition 7.1.11（沿曲面的 generalized fiber sum）
Assume that \(F_i\subset X_i\) are (real) 2-dimensional surfaces in the smooth 4-manifolds \(X_i\), the surfaces \(F_i\) have equal genus and \([F_i]^2=0\) (\(i=1,2\)). We identify tubular neighborhoods \(\nu F_i\) of \(F_i\) with \(F_i\times D^2\), and fix a diffeomorphism \(f:F_1\to F_2\). The generalized fiber sum \(X_1\#_F X_2\) of \((X_1,F_1)\) and \((X_2,F_2)\) is defined as \((X_1-\nu F_1)\cup_\varphi(X_2-\nu F_2)\), where \(\varphi\) is \(f\times\text{(complex conjugation)}\) on the boundary \(\partial(X_i-\nu F_i)=F_i\times S^1\).