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Algebra 封面

《Algebra》 · 第 89 页 · Chapter II,Section 4「The Action of a Group on a Set」,Theorem 4.2 及其后定名段

Theorem 4.2. Let $G$ be a group that acts on a set $S$. (i) The relation on $S$ defined by $x\sim x'\Leftrightarrow gx=x'$ for some $g\in G$ is an equivalence relation. (ii) For each $x\in S$, $G_x=\{g\in G\mid gx=x\}$ is a subgroup of $G$. […] The equivalence classes of the equivalence relation of Theorem 4.2(i) are called the orbits of $G$ on $S$; the orbit of $x\in S$ is denoted $\overline{x}$.

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